NEEM AS BEST HERBAL CONTRACEPTIVE

Nimba (Azadirachta indica):

1.          Neem seed oil has been reported to possess strong spermicidal activity against rhesus monkey and human spermatozoa within 30 seconds of mixing with semen. (Sinha et al., 1984)^[29]
2.    Neem seed oil is found to be lethal to spermatozoa at 1000mg  and 250mg per 100 spermatozoa in 5 minutes and 30 minutes respectively (saxena et al., 1959)^[30]
3. An injection of neem oil into uterine horn created an immunological response and prevented pregnancy for 5 months. (Upadhyaya et al., 1990)^[31]
4. Ethanolic extract of bark reduces implantation sites in healthy uterus.^[32]
5. Bark extract when used arrested the growth of primary follicles, a fibrotic appearance was seen at the time of treatment.^[33]
6.   Significant reduction in sperm motility at cauda epidydymis is found after treatment with neem extract. It is the ultimate effect of inhibition of leydig cell function in males^[34]
7. Reduction in fertility was observed due to infiltration of leucocytes in uterus resulting in inhibition of implantation and blockage of pregnancy. 
8. Anti implantation activity has been reported to be due to histological changes produced by inhibition of estrogen induced changes in uterus.Implantation losses were due to steroidogenic depression evidenced by reduced plasma progesterone and LH levels or due to imbalance of progesterone estrogen ratio^[35]
9. Anti flagellate activity of neem extract helped for the spermistatic activity.^[36]

          

         Referances:

29. JLN Sastry, Iiustrated Dravya guna vijnana, Volume 2, Varanasi, choukhambha Orientalia, 2^nd Edition, 2005

30. JLN Sastry, Iiustrated Dravya guna vijnana, Volume 2, Varanasi, choukhambha Orientalia, 2^nd Edition, 2005

31. JLN Sastry, Iiustrated Dravya guna vijnana, Volume 2, Varanasi, choukhambha Orientalia, 2^nd Edition, 2005

32. Vaidya Mukund sabnis, Chemistry and pharmacology of Ayurvedic medicinal plants, Varanasi, Chaukhambha amarabharati prakasham, 1^st editin, 2006

33. Vaidya Mukund sabnis, Chemistry and pharmacology of Ayurvedic medicinal plants, Varanasi, Chaukhambha amarabharati prakasham, 1^st editin, 2006

34. Vaidya Mukund sabnis, Chemistry and pharmacology of Ayurvedic medicinal plants, Varanasi, Chaukhambha amarabharati prakasham, 1^st editin, 2006

35.Reshu Mandal & patwant kaur Dhaliwal, Antifertility effect of melia azedarch (dherak) seed extract in female albino rats. Indian journal of experimental biology, vol 45, october 2007, pp 853-860.

36.Available: http://www.neemfoundation.org/neem-articles/neem-in-health/neem-cures/birth-control.html